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Kopec, J

H., Mu Z., Song X

Angiogenesis and the VEGF Pathway The most extensively characterised proposed mechanism for BPC-157 in the research literature is upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling a pathway central to angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels

De Meyer GR, Martinet W (2009) Autophagy in the cardiovascular system

Panner Selvam MK, Agarwal A, Henkel R, Finelli R, Robert KA, Iovine C et al (2020) The effect of oxidative and reductive stress on semen parameters and functions of physiologically normal human spermatozoa

In sepsis-induced acute kidney injury, spermidine improves renal outcomes by acting on macrophages, where it suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1 production, preserves mitochondrial respiration, and relies on eIF5A hypusination to regulate macrophage function 118