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in women), insufficient dietary intake or dietary inhibitors (tea, calcium), medications (PPIs, NSAIDs), occult blood loss, plant based diets, vitamin C deficiency, strenuous exercise, and life stages like pregnancy or growth spurts

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The NHS advert sits directly between two commercial services that sell IV therapy, a treatment category that, in the private sector, can cost hundreds of pounds and is marketed to wellness-seeking consumers

Management: Avoid additional supplements unless specifically advised by your doctor

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