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Furthermore, the acetyl-CoA derived from carnitine has been also reported to regulate gene expression by influencing histone acetylation (Madiraju et al., 2009)

In artificial tear formulations, L-carnitine is considered a "compatible solute"

Exp Cell Res 175:184191 Surai PF (2012) Antioxidant action of carnitine: molecular mechanisms and practical applications

Gao L, Zhang Y, Sterling K, Song W (2022) Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Alzheimers disease and its pharmaceutical potential

Autophagic programs consist of the degradation of cellular organelles, cytoplasmic proteins and lipids, allowing recycling of the resulting catabolites for biosynthesis and energy metabolism, in order to satisfy nutrient, energy and hormonal demands of the tumor cells (Jing et al., 2015)

Ribas GS, Biancini GB, Mescka C, Wayhs CY, Sitta A, Wajner M, Vargas CR (2012) Oxidative stress parameters in urine from patients with disorders of propionate metabolism: a beneficial effect of L-carnitine supplementation