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Table of Contents Why Gastric Sleeve Surgery Increases the Risk of B12 Deficiency Recognising the Symptoms of B12 Deficiency After Bariatric Surgery How B12 Deficiency Is Diagnosed and Monitored on the NHS Recommended B12 Supplementation Following Gastric Sleeve Surgery Dietary Sources of B12 and Their Limitations After Surgery When to Seek Medical Advice and Long-Term Nutritional Follow-Up Scientific References Frequently Asked Questions Why Gastric Sleeve Surgery Increases the Risk of B12 Deficiency Sleeve gastrectomy removes up to 80% of the stomach, reducing parietal cells and intrinsic factor production, which impairs B12 absorption alongside reduced gastric acid secretion and lower dietary intake

Antibiotics may affect the nutritional metabolism of the gut by altering the abundance, diversity, and evenness of gut microbiota, reducing levels of short-chain fatty acids, regulating solute secretion and absorption, and decreasing secondary bile acid production

Applied Sciences, 12 (7), Article 3232

Reddy MB, Bunge AL

Rolling scars become more pronounced as skin ages and loses elasticity, making the wave-like texture more visible

Zhang M, Yuan R, Chai Y, Wang C, Wu X