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Alcohol drinking increases the dopamine-stimulating effects of ethanol and reduces D2 auto-receptor and group II metabotropic glutamate receptor function within the posterior ventral tegmental area of alcohol preferring (P) rats

Z Fur Naturforsch - Sect C J Biosci (2008) 63:36670

For instance, in a double-blind clinical trial study Uchiyama et al

(DAT, NET, and SERT) 10) By utilizing these transporters for its own uptake, amphetamine directly competes with endogenous dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, thereby inhibiting their clearance from the synaptic cleft (Martin & Le, 2023)

Diagnosis is largely clinical with histopathology needed only for confirmation

Kloosterman, A