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Availability of data and materials Cited reviews can be seen from Abbreviations AADvaC1: Anti-tau vaccine A: Amyloid beta A: Amyloid beta 42 substrate AChEIs: Acetylcholine inhibitors AChRs: Acetylcholine receptors AD: Alzheimers disease ADAM10: A Disintegrin and metalloprotease ADAS-Cog: Alzheimers disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Subscale ADCS-ADL: Alzheimers disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living Scale AI: Aluminum Akt: Serine/threonine protein kinase AMBAR: Alzheimers management by albumin replacement APH1: Anterior pharynx defective 1 APP: Amyloid precursor protein APOP: Apolipoprotein ApoE: Apolipoprotein E Apo E2: Allele of apolipoprotein E2 Apo E3: Allele of apolipoprotein E3 Apo E4: Allele of apolipoprotein E4 ATP: Adenosine triphosphate AXS-05: Dextromethorphan and Bupropion AGB 101: Low dose preparation of levetiracetam BACE1: Site-amyloid converting enzyme 1 BBB: Blood brain barrier bid: Twice a day BPSD: Behavioral psychological symptoms of dementia CAA: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy Ca2 + : Calcium CA3: Cornu ammonis CAT: Catalase CHAP: Chicago Health and Aging Project CNS: Central Nervous System CREAD: A study of crenezumab versus placebo to evaluate the efficacy and safety in participants with prodromal to mild Alzheimers disease CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid CTPSG: Centralized telemetry processing system CT: Computed tomography Cu: Copper DDX17: DEAD-Box Helicase 17 DMP: Dextromethorphan DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid DS: Down syndrome DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders EOAD: Early-onset Alzheimers disease ER: Endoplasmic reticulum ERT: Estrogen replacement therapy E2814: High affinity antibody targeting microtubule binding repeat domain of tau FAAH: Fatty acid amide hydrolase FAD: Flavin adenine dinucleotide FDA: Food and Drug Administration Fe: Iron Fe2 + : Iron compound FTD: Frontotemporal dementia Gov: Government GSH: Reduced glutathione GSSG: Glutathione disulfide GSK-3: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 GV-971: Sodium oligomannate HHV: Human herpes virus HIV: Human immunodeficiency viruses HSV: Herpes simplex virus HPA: Hypothalamus pituitary adrenocortical H 2 O: Water H 2 O 2 : Hydrogen peroxide IDE: Insulin degrading enzyme INOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase IV: Intravenous IVIG: Intravenous immunoglobulin IHME: Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation IgG1: Immunoglobulin G IL-17: Interleukin 17 KYN: Kynurenine LOAD: Late-onset Alzheimers disease LBD: Lewy body dementia MCI: Mild cognitive impairment Mn: Manganese MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging NCT: National Clinical Trial NCT: Nicastrin NFTs: Neurofibrillary tangles NMDA: N-Methyl-D-aspartate memantine Nrf2: Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 NSAIDs: Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs OH: Hydrogen ion O 2 : Oxygen gas PCP: Primary care physician PD: Parkinsons disease PO: Oral route of administration PCPs: Primary care physician PE: Pulmonary embolism PEN-2: Presenilin enhancer 2 PET: Positron emission tomography PHFs: Paired helical filaments PO: Oral route of administration PSG: Polysomnography PS1: Presenilin 1 PS2: Presenilin 2 PSEN 1: Presenilin-1 PPARs: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor qHs: Once a day at bedtime qid: Four times a day REM: Rapid eye movement ROS: Reactive oxygen species RNSx: Reactive nitrogen species RONS: Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species SARS-COV-2: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 SApps: Soluble amyloid precursor protein SD: Sleep deprivation SNPs: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms SOD: Superoxide dismutases SORT 1: Sortilin 1 SP: Senile plaques SPECT: Single photon emission computerized tomography SV2A: Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A Tau: Tubulin associated unit TMP21: Transmembrane protein 21 TRP: Tryptophan TrpKYN: Tryptophankynurenine TREM 2: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells US: United States Zn: Zinc References Moller HJ, Graeber MB