1 Introduction There are many pine bark extracts on the market, from different pine tree species, from different countries and with different levels of efficacy for human health ( French maritime pine bark extract (Horphag Research) is the most researched pine bark extract with over 450 published studies and over 160 human clinical trials, including over 12.000 subjects ( The French maritime pine trees that are used for Pycnogenol grow in Les Landes de Gascogne, along the coast of southwest France ( Pycnogenol was found to contain mainly procyanidins, their monomers catechin and epicatechin, taxifolin as well as phenolic acids ( is standardized to 70 5% and thus meets the specifications for maritime pine extract, described in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) ( , taxifolin, catechin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid and metabolite 1 [-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)--valerolactone] have been detected in the blood plasma of volunteers ( Clinical research on Pycnogenol started over 40 years ago and various health benefits of Pycnogenol have been observed and investigated
Not only is DHA incorporated into nerve cell membranes, where it is necessary for normal structure and function, it is also a critical component of other brain cells that use it to support neuronal growth and formation of nerve connections
& Friedman, J
It is recommended that future studies investigate the potential synergistic effects of botanical drugs in conjunction with existing therapies, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy
partial sequence of human Body Protection Compound Sequence: H-Gly-Glu-Pro-Pro-Pro-Gly-Lys-Pro-Ala-Asp-Asp-Ala-Gly-Leu-Val-OH (GEPPPGKPADDAGLV) Synonyms: PL 14736, PLD-116 CAS Number: 137525-51-0 Molecular Formula: C 62 H 98 N 16 O 22 Molecular Weight: 1419.55 g/mol Mechanism (working): modulation of nitric oxide system, VEGFR-2 expression, and growth factor signaling supporting GI, vascular, and connective-tissue repair Regulatory status: not approved by the FDA or EMA TB-500 Compound class: synthetic N-acetylated heptapeptide
[Abstract] Pak Vet J
