Notably, studies have shown that knocking down NNMT in adipose tissues and livers of mice fed a high-fat diet resulted in decreased serum TG and FFA levels (Kraus et al., 2014)
Topical makes the most sense for: Facial skin texture, fine lines, hydration Scalp application for localized hair growth Scar treatment or post-procedure recovery on a specific area Patients who want to fold GHK-Cu into an existing skincare routine Injectable makes the most sense for: Systemic wound healing (especially internal or in areas you can't easily apply cream) Joint and connective tissue support (topical simply can't penetrate deep enough) Broader anti-aging goals beyond the skin surface Patients already running other injectable peptide protocols (CJC-1295/ipamorelin, BPC-157, TB-500) Here's the thing: for joints specifically, there's no argument
The FDA applied a four-part statutory test under 21 CFR 216.23(c): physical and chemical characterization, historical compounding use, evidence of effectiveness, and safety
Multi-target research or multi-tissue injury: BPC-157 + TB-500 stack
It aids proper blood circulation, healthy skin, and the functioning of the central nervous system
In a study by Benkoucha et al., HGF exerted an anti-inflammatory effect through the generation of tolerogenic dendritic cells with the consequent suppression of auto-reactive T helper cells 1 (Th1) and Th17 cells and leading to the reduction of CD4 + T-cell-mediated nervous system injury in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of MS, in which HGF was overexpressed (HGF transgenic mice) (Benkhoucha et al., 2010)
