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6.3.2 Autophagic flux blockade 4-HNEinduced lysosomal membrane injury profoundly impairs the autophagic process

The cascade runs pituitary GH liver-derived IGF-1 tissue effect, and IGF-1 is what drives protein synthesis, satellite-cell activation (muscle repair), lipolysis in adipose tissue, collagen synthesis, and bone remodeling

Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants in the body is disrupted, leading to an overproduction of ROS, causing damage to cellular components

10.1016/j.pneurobio.2008.04.001 102 ParienteR.ParienteJ

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Annu Rev Biochem 52(1):711760