Macrophage-derived ROS intensify oxidative pressure on adjacent tumor cells, increasing lipid peroxide burden, particularly in regions already primed by high LIP and PUFA-rich membranes
However, given the fact that many DUBs were highly elevated in various cancers and considered as cancer biomarkers [20], it is conceivable that targeting the key upstream regulators of metabolic enzymes, such as DUBs, may become an alternative approach for cancer therapy
Presl), rich in terpenoids and glycosides, improves insulin sensitivity, regulates menstrual cycles, and modulates glucose metabolism ( Berberis aristata Lindl.) provides berberine, which lowers leptin levels, improves insulin resistance, reduces oxidative stress, and supports lipid metabolism ( Vitex agnus-castus L.) contains agnuside and flavonoids that restore menstrual regularity and enhance fertility outcomes by modulating prolactin and estrogen balance ( Curcuma longa L.), which contains curcumin, luteolin, and apigenin, lowers androgen levels, increases estrogen, and provides strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects ( Urtica dioica L.) supplies flavonoids, polyphenols, and sterols that reduce hirsutism, regulate inflammatory markers, and exert antioxidant activity ( Mentha sp icata L.), fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), parsley ( Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym.), green tea ( Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze), ginger ( Zingiber officinale Roscoe), licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), black seed ( Nigella sativa L.), pomegranate ( Punica granatum L.), and raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) have also been documented to exert diverse benefits including anti-androgenic effects, improved ovarian function, enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced ovarian volume, lipid metabolism regulation, and restoration of endocrine balance ( Table 2 Herbs/botanicals, natural bio-actives, and their pharmacodynamic action in PCOS management
L.LaskinJ
H.HorstinkM
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 201.Sugita S., Shimizu N., Watanabe K., Mizukami M., Morio T., Sugamoto Y., Mochizuki M
