Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is essential for beta-arrestin-2 complex formation and lithium-sensitive behaviors in mice
pmid:10064598
This indirectly reflects that the application of biologics targeting different interleukins in IBD should be based on the disease characteristics and individual patient differences for precision therapy
Usage Cited in: Cell
Factors predictive of the presence of internal (or deep) plexiform neurofibromas have been discussed in another section, but although the majority of MPNST result from malignant transformation of plexiform neurofibromas, they can also appear on subcutaneous neurofibromas and even where there are no prior lesions.36,40,42 The molecular mechanisms of malignant transformation of neurofibromas are not well known, but mutation of the NF1 gene on both alleles in tumors, along with other epigenetic mechanisms, may lead to mutation of other important genes such as p53 and InK4A.41 Warning symptoms include sudden increase in size, change in texture (increased consistency), intense or unremitting pain, and neurological symptoms other than those usually present.40 In these cases, a radiological assessment and biopsy (with surgical resection if appropriate) should be performed immediately as a delay in diagnosis (in direct relation to the tumor size) is directly correlated to prognosis.43 It should be remembered that magnetic resonance imaging offers data on the extent and site, but not on the biological behavior of the tumor
Brain-acting hormones and neurotransmitters : somatostatin, oxytocin, vasopressin, guaranine, VIP, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cholecystokinin (CCK), substance-P, bombesin, motilin, glicentin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide (GLP-I), leptin
