glutathione cysteine Chemical structures of and reduced glutathione. Free L-Cysteine for Glutathione - Osumex

Carbomer was used in place of HPMC as polymer / gelling agent and placebo transdermal gels are prepared as provided in comparative example 2

Starting doses on the lower end (300mcg) and progressing slowly makes sense

You would withdraw the same amount into the syringe that you would do with the 5m vial

The systemic copper load from topical application is minimal, so there's generally no concern about combining routes

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Anyone weighing the two routes for skin purposes should understand that they are comparing a modestly-supported cosmetic route against an unproven, higher-consideration systemic one and should treat any source that presents injection as the superior skin route as getting ahead of the science