l carnitine tmao koeth 2013 nature medicine Gut microbiota metabolism of l-carnitine and cardiovascular risk L-Carnitine intake and high trimethylamine

L Carnitine intake and high trimethylamine N oxide plasma levels correlate with low aortic lesions in ApoE transgenic mice expressing CETP ScienceDirect Comparison of short term and long term effects of peroral L carnitine intake: clinical implications of elevated TMAO levels in cardiovascular complications Frontiers Gut Microbiota Dependent Marker TMAO in Promoting Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation Mechanism, Clinical Prognostic, and Potential as a Therapeutic Target Butyrobetaine is a pro atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L carnitine to TMAO PMC Dietary allicin reduces transformation of L carnitine to TMAO through impact on gut microbiota ScienceDirect Emerging role of trimethylamine N oxide (TMAO) in colorectal cancer Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Springer Nature Link

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