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Due to critical limitations in the treatment of AD, the bloodbrain barrier (BBB) restricts the entry of approximately 98% of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved small-molecule drugs as well as most large-molecule therapeutics (Pardridge, 2005)

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A lack of vitamin B12 can often lead to fatigue and weakness due to megaloblastic anemia a blood disorder that causes unusually large red blood cells (megaloblasts) and a lower red blood cell count, which results in a lower supply of oxygen to the body

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However, less is known about peripheral IGF-I activity and it is possible that there are more secondary metabolic and nutritional issues that could lower local IGF-I production and impact on linear growth

4 This article addresses prevalence, pathophysiology, assessment and diagnostic considerations, and treatment options to aid NPs in recognizing PCOS and providing evidence-based patient counseling and management