8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine AD: Alzheimers disease Akt: protein kinase B APP: amyloid precursor protein ATF6: activating transcription factor 6 ATP: adenosine triphosphate CBS: cystathionine -synthase CCR2: C-C chemokine receptor type 2 CHOP: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation ER: endoplasmic reticulum ETC C1: electron transport chain complex 1 ETC: electron transport chain GLUT4: glucose transporter type 4 GlyNAC: glycine and N -acetylcysteine GRP78: glucose-regulated protein 78 GSH: glutathione HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c HI: human insulin HOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance IL-6: interleukin-6 IR: insulin receptor IRE1: inositol-requiring enzyme 1 IRS-1: insulin receptor substrate-1 IV: intravenous JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry LC-MS: liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry LPS: lipopolysaccharide MDA: malondialdehyde MeSH: Medical Subject Headings MSM: methylsulfonylmethane NAC: N -acetylcysteine Ndufs3: NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) Fe-S protein 3 NF-B: nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance Nox: NADPH oxidase p22: p22phox (a subunit of NADPH oxidase) PBMCs: peripheral blood mononuclear cells PDI: protein disulfide isomerase PDIA4: protein disulfide isomerase family A, member 4 PERK: protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase PS1: presenilin 1 RBC: red blood cell ROS: reactive oxygen species SANRA: Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles SOCS: suppressor of cytokine signaling T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus TLR4: toll-like receptor 4 TNF-: tumor necrosis factor-alpha UPR: unfolded protein response XBP-1: X-box binding protein 1 YAP: Yes-associated protein During the preparation of this work, the author(s) used ChatGPT (OpenAI) and Midjourney for figure design and language editing
Acta Radiologica, 42 , 585591
Avoid consumption before bedtime or in the hours preceding sleep
It supports skin health by neutralizing damage and managing pigment production, but it requires a specialized delivery system like liposomal technology to be effective
Some pregnant women develop RLS in the third trimester of pregnancy, but the symptoms usually go away after delivery
It stimulates fat breakdown without affecting blood sugar levels, muscle mass, or insulin sensitivity
