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doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111711 42 JohnsonPJBerhaneSKagebayashiCSatomuraSTengMReevesHLet al

Statistical Analysis Sample size calculations were performed at the beginning of this exploratory trial ( n = 40)

The primary antioxidant defense in cells is mediated through enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems, including factors such as glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (Mourente et al., 2002)

Mitophagy decline in aging hearts [12] and impaired PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in AD [13, 14] lead to damaged mitochondrial accumulation

The injection volume was 0.1 mL

This combined assault ultimately disrupts neuronal homeostasis, contributing to the structural and functional impairments underlying the observed cognitive and neuropsychiatric sequelae