American Parkinson Disease Association, Inc
Atherosclerosis 143, 229243 (1999)
The antipsychotics associated with paralytic ileus include clozapine, quetiapine, olanzapine, and high potency antipsychotics.[] In addition, paralytic ileus is reported to be associated with the use of anticholinergic medications and tricyclic antidepressants.[] The risk factors for paralytic ileus include older age, female gender, higher daily dose of medication (clozapine), and concomitant use of opioids.[] Among all the antipsychotics, gut hypomotility with clozapine has received significant research attention and this has been attributed to the anti-muscarinic effects, anti-adrenergic effects, and anti-serotonergic effects of clozapine
VD mainly includes vitamin D2 (VD2) and vitamin D3 (VD3), which exert their effects through the expression of VD receptors in the skeletal muscle, controlling serum calcium levels to directly influence muscle contraction and reduce exercise-induced apoptosis of muscle cells, thereby enhancing muscle strength
Catabolism is dictated by enzymes that are genetically encoded ( N
doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.07.014 81 SinghGBZhangYBoiniKMKokaS