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In these models, MitoQ reduces ROS production directly in neuronal mitochondria, promotes neuroprotection, and attenuates the inflammatory response [3]

Previous research has demonstrated that the combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Dioscorea opposita improves diabetic muscle atrophy by addressing mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by the Rab5a/mTOR pathway (She et al., 2023)

Chapter 1 - Aetiology and pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders

Additionally, UA has demonstrated neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), thereby safeguarding neuronal survival in the face of elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Figure 5)

doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201701000

doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.016