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Vitamin C influences all three stages of inflammation, including chemotaxis, phagocytosis, killing the microbiota, apoptosis, and clearance of neutrophils [87]

It is a working component of the cell's energy-processing machinery

GPR43, G protein-coupled receptor 43

Conversely, reduced CPT1-alpha (-63%) in the I148M variant macrophage was in line with reduced mitochondrial respiration (-48%)

Studies have shown that supplementation with about 20mg daily can improve cognitive function in healthy people after just 12 weeks.44 That same dose can also upregulate mitochondrial biogenesis, improving cellular health.45 B vitamin complex A large-scale systematic review and meta-analysis of B vitamin studies from 2022 found that B vitamins could both benefit cognitive function and slow cognitive decline.46 Another meta-analysis from 2023 that looked specifically at older adults found that supplementation significantly reduced homocysteine levels (a marker of inflammation) but didnt slow declines in cognitive function.47 Ultimately, this shows that B vitamins may play a critical role in your cognitive health, perhaps depending on genetics or whether you suffer from a deficiency

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