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(PubMed) Kozyraki R, Cases O

2.If my symptoms like tingling or brain fog return before my next scheduled shot, can we adjust my injection frequency

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Key pathophysiologic mechanisms include: Mucosal barrier dysfunction: Impaired epithelial tight junctions allow bacterial translocation, triggering innate immune activation T-helper cell dysregulation: Predominantly Th1 and Th17 pathways drive chronic inflammation via TNF-, IL-12, IL-23 the basis for biologic therapy targets Transmural inflammation: Unlike UC (mucosal only), CD involves all layers: mucosa submucosa muscularis propria serosa Granuloma formation: Non-caseating granulomas are pathognomonic but present in only ~3050% of biopsies Fibrosis and stricture: Chronic inflammation activates myofibroblasts collagen deposition luminal narrowing obstructive symptoms Fistula formation: Transmural ulcers penetrate serosa form sinus tracts connect to adjacent bowel, bladder, vagina, or skin 7

Proposed Uses (Research Areas) Obesity and fat metabolism studies

(PubMed) Almeida OP, Marsh K, Alfonso H, Flicker L, Davis TM, Hankey GJ