Given its nutrient richness and biofunctional diversity, RJ is widely used as a dietary supplement and for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatments ( 4.6.2 Mechanism of action in dry eye disease RJ exhibits natural antioxidative characteristics, significantly reducing ROS and nitric oxide production in macrophages and boosting activities of antioxidant enzymes like SOD and glutathione ( RJs anti-inflammatory effects are mediated through its fatty acid analogs, including 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid, 10-hydroxy decanoic acid, and sebacic acid, which effectively inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators (Yang et al., 2018b)
Clinical use should involve strict control of dosage and duration, and re-evaluation of safety standards for cinnabar-containing TCMs is warranted [38]
Antioxidants 11 , 153 (2022)
doi: 10.1038/s41522-025-00810-x 97 ChaoJColemanRAKeatingDJMartinAM
[] This study involving 122 individuals showed that the curcumin + bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) group (tamsulosin, finasteride, and 2250 mg of curcumin daily) exhibited substantial enhancements in WC, periprostatic fat thickness (PPFT), and sexual function relative to the BSM group (tamsulosin and finasteride with placebo)
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