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2 Research methodology This review article was conducted using electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Springer Link, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus

DOI: Published online: June 5, 2024 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea 3 Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Correspondence: Chang W Song, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55812, USA Tel: 1-952-994-5755 Fax: 1-612-626-6852 E-mail: [email protected] Copyright 2025 by the Korean Cancer Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License ( which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited