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There are two big problems with this

And make sure you can see the inspection window during the injection

Toxic proteins infiltrating the midbrain substantia nigra can trigger the demise of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, and muscle rigidity

Cells with adequate NAD+ respond more effectively to insulin, improving glucose uptake and reducing the likelihood of insulin resistance developing or worsening

Euthanasia of animals was performed after the tests by immersion in cold water (0 to 4 C) until the cessation of the movements, to ensure death by hypoxia according to the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals (Leary et al., 2020)

In this context, emerging strategies using mitochondrially targeted DFO ( mitoDFO ) [42] or DFX ( mitoDFX ), might provide renewed opportunities to treatments that initially failed to meet expectations