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Maternal cigarette smoking before or during pregnancy increases the risk of birth congenital anomalies: a population based retrospective cohort study of 12 million mother infant pairs BMC Medicine Springer Nature Link Nicotine as a female reproductive toxicantA review Bhardwaj 2025 Journal of Applied Toxicology Wiley Online Library The epigenetics of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and effects on child development Development and Psychopathology Cambridge Core Substance use and use disorders during pregnancy and the postpartum period American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Tobacco harms not only smokers, but also unborn babies. It can increase the risk of complications and premature birth. Quit tobacco. #QuitTobacco #TobaccoFree #NoTobacco #CommitToQuit Understanding Teratogens and Their Impact on Pregnancy Free Essay Example
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