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Neuroactive peptides work through mechanisms such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) upregulation, HGF/c-Met signaling, and modulation of monoamine neurotransmitters (Table 4)

Induction of several cytoplasmic chaperone genes could also be considered as satellite of the UPR, as the encoded proteins are known to help cells cope with ER stress (Liu and Chang, 2008)

Bodipy 493, a cell permeable nonpolar dye, accumulates in neutral lipid droplets and fluoresces when bound to neutral lipids 43,44

Lett Drug des Discov 17(10):12831292 Yamauchi M, Kitamura Y, Nagano H, Kawatsu J, Gotoh H (2024) DPPH measurements and structure-activity relationship studies on the antioxidant capacity of phenols

This route is particularly valuable for individuals with malabsorption conditions or severe deficiency states

Results are presented as a ratio between +1 and 1